This paper is about the number 1. The number 2 is left for future work.
Recommended citation: Yang, A. J., Deng, S., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., & Yang, W. (2023). Disruptive coefficient and 2-step disruptive coefficient: Novel measures for identifying vital nodes in complex networks. Journal of Informetrics, 17(3), 101411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2023.101411